Information for Patients

From the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

A Patient's Experience with Spinal Cord Injury and Paralysis

A Patient's Experience with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Restoring Hand Function after Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury
by Bobby K-B Tay, MD; Frank J. Eismont, MD

Each year, between 28 and 55 individuals per million persons in the United States are afflicted with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Over 10,000 new cases of SCI are reported in the United States every year with a prevalence of over 230,000. The evaluation and management of patients with spinal injury is often complicated because it generally occurs in the context of polytrauma. In addition, rehabilitating these patients is more complex because of the functional limitations placed upon the patients as a result of the neurologic injury. Despite improvements in both medical and surgical management of patients with spinal cord injury, the overall prognosis for both incomplete and complete injuries has not changed significantly over time. The future for potential treatments remains bright, however, because many different potential therapies are being developed based upon a constantly expanding knowledge of the basic cellular and molecular processes that regulate primary injury, secondary injury, repair, and regeneration.

This article reviews in detail the acute management and pharmacologic treatment for spinal cord injuries and reviews promising treatments, including growth factor-based therapies, cell-based therapies, therapies targeted at maximizing the host environment, and function-based therapies. CME Credit is available

Keywords: SCI, incidence, prognosis, systemic manifestations, neurogenic shock, spinal shock, clinical syndromes, Brown Sequard syndrome, central cord syndrome, anterior cord syndrome, posterior cord syndrome, conus medullaris syndrome, cauda equina syndrome, evaluation, physical examination, ASIA motor and sensory examination, mechanism of neural injury, management, surgical treatment, surgical techniques, decompression, stabilization, pharmacologic treatment, antioxidants, excitatory amino acid receptor blockers, gangliosides, calcium channel blockers, kappa receptor antagonists, neutrophins, fibroblast growth factor, cellular transplantation, aminopyridine, rehabilitation, tendon transfers, functional electrical stimulation, complications

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