OKOJ, Volume 15, No. 4

The complex cellular machinery that allows bone healing in response to injury is orchestrated by a finely tuned release of potent growth factors that induce stem cell homing, cell division, and differentiation. Physicians and research scientists have attempted to mimic this growth factor environment using exogenous protein; however, this complex milieu has not yet been re-created. Knowledge of the growth factors currently used and their potential applications provide orthopaedic surgeons with the knowledge required to successfully augment bone healing.

Although periprosthetic fracture is an uncommon complication following total hip arthroplasty, treatment can be challenging and surgery is often required. It is important for the surgeon to be aware of the risk factors associated with this type of fracture.

During revision total knee arthroplasty, exposure may be difficult for various reasons. Extensile exposure is useful in certain situations; however, various factors must be considered when selecting one approach over another.