The complex cellular machinery that allows bone healing in response to injury is orchestrated by a finely tuned release of potent growth factors that induce stem cell homing, cell division, and differentiation. Physicians and research scientists have attempted to mimic this growth factor environment using exogenous protein; however, this complex milieu has not yet been re-created. Knowledge of the growth factors currently used and their potential applications provide orthopaedic surgeons with the knowledge required to successfully augment bone healing.